Fundamental Forces (and their force carriers):

Particles:

The "Standard Model" includes two "types" of matter, Fermions and Bosons.  The class of Fermions include electrons and positrons (considered fundamental particles) and the 3-quark particles such as neutrons and protons.  The quark particles (neutrons and protons) are held together by the strong nuclear forces (also known as particle gluons).  Color charge is believed to play a major part in the interaction of the strong forces within the nucleus.

Bosons are carriers of force.  The electromagnetic force is carried by mass-less photons.  (Electromagnetic force is the force that keeps electrons circling the nucleus.)  The W (+ and -) and Z "vector" bosons that carry the weak nuclear forces are considered to be photons with mass.  The unique properties of the W and Z bosons are due to their mass.  2-Quark particles are also bosons, none of which are stable.

Gravity is thought to be mediated by the particle graviton.